The salinity and temperature of ore forming fluids have wide ranges. Hydrothermal alteration mineralogy and geochemistry of the archean worldclass canadian malartic disseminatedstockwork gold deposit, southern abitibi greenstone belt, quebec, canada. Causes for largescale metal zonation around mineralized plutons. Keywords ore deposit, mineral deposit, hydrothermal, fluid, geochemistry. Replacement and vein deposits are usually found in a distinct zonal arrangement in the rocks surround ing a porphyry. Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the gold bar.
This thoroughly revised and expanded edition incorporates the most recent research findings on the subject, such as the discovery of dramatic undersea hydrothermal vents. What a beautiful summary of the conclusions of a giant in the field of the geochemistry of h. The capability of asbearing pyrite to absorb au from undersaturated fluid is the key to the formation of largescale carlintype deposits. In geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits 2nd edn. Olsen a thesis submitted to the victoria university of wellington in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy school of geography, environment and earth sciences victoria university of wellington wellington, new zealand november 2016. Thus, hydrothermal deposits show forms related to the geometry of the. Understanding the ore forming process, therefore, requires thinking in a mineral systems framework comprising the metal, fluid, and ligand sources, the driving forces, the flow paths, and the ore deposition site. Salinities of some ore forming fluids are lower than sea water, whereas those in fluids forming porphyry deposits can reach 80 wt. Hydrothermal mineral deposit, any concentration of metallic minerals formed by the precipitation of solids from hot mineralladen water hydrothermal solution. Recent references relevant to epithermal systems by. Barnes hl ed geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. Temperatures may range from 200 to 300 celsius during the formation of such deposits.
Describes a key process in the generation of ore deposits. Introduction ore deposits are crustal concentrations of useful elements that can be exploited at a pro. It is assumed that there is relation between geothermal and epithermal ore deposits hedenquist et al. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition wiley. Hydrothermal alteration provides a significant guide to mineral exploration, as many deposits are characterized by wide alteration haloes and zonations, such as those observed in porphyry systems fig. Ever since the first edition appeared in 1967, the geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits has been an extremely useful and influential book for geochemists, economic geologists, and indeed, anyone interested in the origins of ore deposits and hydrothermal systems in the earths crust. Geochemistry of gold and selenium in hydrothermal ore. Brown fluids hydrothermal ore deposits the behavior of silica in hydrothermal solutions r. How metalliferous brines line mexican epithermal veins.
Pdf geochemistry of hydrothermal gold deposits researchgate. Geological, alteration and mineralization characteristics of ali javad porphyry cuau deposit, arasbaran zone, nw iran. The solutions are thought to arise in most cases from the action of deeply circulating water heated by magma. Sulfide ore mineral stabilities, morphologies, and intergrowth textures d. Although oreforming fluids derived from magma are common, hydrothermal systems without distinct affinities to magmatic activity can also result in the formation of large hydrothermal ore deposits e. Pdf hydrothermal gold deposits epithermal, carlintype, and. Hydrothermal gold deposits epithermal, carlintype, and orogenic have accounted for 75% of lodegold production. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition 3rd edition by hubert lloyd barnes editor 2. Geochemistry article about geochemistry by the free dictionary. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition. Introduction to geology and resources of gold, and geochemistry of gold the case for gold an introduction to geology and resources of gold in the united states by daniel r. Solubility and deposition of ore and gangue components tuesday 3 february hydrothermal fluids iv.
General overview of metallogeny and tectonics in the japanese islands. With increasing new data, studies on the geochemistry of gold deposits can be used to trace the origin of oreforming fluids, the source of gold. Gold in gold rich oreforming solutions locally may form. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits in searchworks catalog. Kulo lasi fluids likely formed by interaction with fresh volcanic rocks, phase separation, and mixing with magmatic. Meteoric interaction with magmatic discharges in japan and the significance for mineralization.
Mar 11, 2006 vaughan dj, craig jr 1997 sulfide ore stabilities, morphologies and intergrowth textures. Alteration geochemistry thursday 5 hydrothermal fluids v. View hydrothermal ore deposits research papers on academia. In recent years, hydrothermal magmatic systems in modern volcanism areas have been in focus of researches as ore generating structures. Lawrence alexander hardie january, 1933 december 17, 20 was an american geologist, sedimentologist, and geochemist. This new edition reflects the great progress made over the past seventeen years, such as the discovery of dramatic undersea hydrothermal vents. Miocenepliocene hydrothermal ore deposits in and around the japanese islands. Climate and atmosphere contribute a third global factor to the formation of ore deposits. Geochemistry of magnetite from hydrothermal ore deposits and. The salinity and temperature of most hydrothermal fluid decrease during the latestages of ore formation, suggesting either the attenuation of heat and. Gold in goldrich oreforming solutions locally may form nanoparticles that are physically transported to the place of ore deposition. Advances in numerical simulations of hydrothermal ore forming.
Shawe geochemistry of gold in hydrothermal deposits by samuel b. The geochemistry of magnetite provides useful information about the metamorphic and hydrothermal evolution of specific geological settings such as metamorphic terranes or hydrothermal ore deposits and can also assist exploration geologists in targeting prospective areas. Silica and beryl, both light minerals by definition minerals with a density less than 2. Fluid inclusion studies of hydrothermal ore deposits e. Henley a practical guide to the thermodynamics of geothermal r. Advances in numerical simulations of hydrothermal ore. Deposit form and geometry can vary greatly but, in many cases, these features also re.
Buy geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition on. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition ed. It describes the key process in the generation of ore deposits and emphasizes solid theoretical understanding. Two newly discovered hydrothermal vent fields of the wallis and futuna region, kulo lasi and fatu kapa, were sampled for fluid geochemistry. Hydrothermal ore deposits form in fluidflow systems that are much larger than the deposit itself. Our results indicate that the coupled geochemistry of au and as in pyrite in ore deposits is defined by two major trends that obey the solubility limit reich et al. More specifically, it is the study of the absolute and relative abundances of chemical elements in the minerals, soils, ores, rocks, water, and atmosphere of the earth and the distribution and movement of these elements from one place to another as a result of their chemical and physical properties. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits with disk 3rd. Hydrothermal ore deposits research papers academia.
Wayne burnham hydrogeology and geochemistry of ore genesis in sedimentary basins grant garven and jeff p. Barnes hl ed geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edn. Geochemistry of gold mineralization at okote, ethiopia 309 pyrite and ore stage carbonate, fluid inclusion data of auriferous veins, and to discuss the possible genesis of the gold mineralization. Mcqueen crc leme, australian national university, canberra, act 0200 and school of rehs, university of canberra, act 2601. Hydrothermal ore deposits have provided some of the first geological evidence for the interaction of multiple fluids in the earths interior, including fluid mixing as well as fluid phase separation. It provides users with a solid theoretical understanding of the geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. Regional geology and mineral systems of the stavely region. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits by barnes, hubert lloyd and a. Koeberl rbsr dating of sericite indicates an age of about of 545 ma for the hydrothermal alteration billay et al. He authored or coauthored many scientific papers and several. Hydrothermal copper deposits are often found in porphyritic igneous rocks. Regional geology and mineral systems of the stavely region, western victoria.
Organic, gas, and element geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids. Gold bar is one of several carlintype gold mining districts located in the battle mountaineureka trend, nevada. Find 9780471571445 geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits with disk 3rd edition by barnes at over 30 bookstores. Introduction to geology and resources of gold, and. An overview of the geology and major ore deposits of central africa. Barnes editor, geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition. Fluidfluid interactions in magmatichydrothermal ore. Field observations, theoretical calculations and laboratory measurements were used to determine why selenide minerals are less common in ore deposits than sulfide and telluride minerals, where gold is located mineralogically in carlintype gold deposits ctds, and how much gold enters bornite and chalcopyrite under conditions typical of porphyry copper deposits. A number of integrated studies of ore forming magmatic hydrothermal systems associated with acid to intermediatecomposition volcanoplutonic centres have shown that salinity variations and temperature decrease are indeed major factors contributing to the formation of ore deposits.
The coupled geochemistry of au and as in pyrite from. A great geochemical diversity was observed and assigned to the diversity of lithologies as well as the occurrence of various processes. Wileyinterscience, new york, pp 367434 xu j and 7 coauthors 2016 highly defective nanocrystals of zinc sulfide produced via dissimilatory bacterial sulfate reduction. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits by hubert lloyd. Understanding the oreforming process, therefore, requires thinking in a mineral systems framework comprising the metal, fluid, and ligand sources, the driving forces, the flow paths, and the ore deposition site. All of the deposits and resources occur at the intersection of northnorthwest and northeasttrending highangle faults in slope. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits edition 3 by. The ubiquity of aubearing arsenian pyrite in hydrothermal ore deposits suggests that the coupled geochemical behaviour of au and as in this sulfide occurs under a wide range of physicochemical conditions. In geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition ed. Regional geology and metallogeny the geological investigations in east and northeast africa and arabia show that zones lowgrade metamor.
The geochemistry of antimony in hydrothermal solutions by nellie j. Although these deposits form in distinctly different geologic settings and by. Mesothermal deposits form at intermediate depths, temperatures, and pressures. Geochemistry of gold and selenium in hydrothermal ore deposits. How metalliferous brines line mexican epithermal veins with silver. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 3rd edition by hubert lloyd barnes editor, barnes hl ed, na hardcover, 992 pages, published 1997. Speciation and transport of metals and metalloids in geological. Geology and geochemistry of epithermal systems contents the geothermal framework for epithermal deposits r. Gases in aqueous solutions thursday 29 hydrothermal fluids iii. New york, chichester, weinheim, brisbane, singapore, toronto.
General overview and classification of hydrothermal ore deposits of neogene age. Hydrothermal ore deposits have provided some of the first geological evidence for the interaction of multiple fluids in the earths. Ore deposits hydrothermal deposits disseminated deposit. Barnes hl ed geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits 3rd edn.
Yet the discovery of worldclass to giant mineral deposits has. However, ore formation in the interior of modern hydrothermal magmatic systems is. Copper, in replacement ore bodies, may be within a few hundred metres of the intru sive leadzinc silver deposits farther out, and man ganese or goldsilver deposits may be on the outer fringes. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits by barnes. This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits book, 1997. A significant portion of the worlds natural gold endowment comes from hydrothermal ore deposits frimmel. Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits in searchworks. Geochemistry, alteration, and genesis of gold mineralization. Fluidfluid interactions in magmatic hydrothermal ore formation.
The geochemistry of antimony in hydrothermal solutions. Other elements that also have an affinity for dissolved h2s in hydrothermal oreforming solutions include silver, arsenic, tellurium, selenium, mercury, antimony. Hydrothermal processes and wall rock alteration springerlink. This thoroughly revised and expanded new edition incorporates the most recent research findings on the subject, such as the discovery of dramatic undersea hydrothermal vents. The hydrothermal geochemistry of gold springerlink. Deposits can also be broadly subdivided into syngenetic formed with the enclosing rocks and epigenetic introduced into preexisting rocks. This article was originally published in treatise on geochemistry, second edition published by elsevier, and the. For nearly 50 years, he mentored students and pursued research as a professor at johns hopkins university jhu in baltimore md in the department of earth and planetary sciences. Quartz and carbonate minerals such as calcite caco 3, ankerite cafeco 3 2, siderite feco 3, dolomite camgco 3 2, and rhodocrosite mnco 3 occur in mesothermal depos.